【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforHandlingUnboundEngineeredNanoscaleParticlesinOccupationalSettings
【原文标准名称】:职业环境中释放产生纳米级粒子的处理用标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME2535-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E56.03
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化学工业;处理;粒子;环境;释放的
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:ThisGuideisintendedforusebyentitiesinvolvedinthehandlingofUNPinoccupationalsettings.TheGuidecovershandlingprinciplesandtechniquesthatmaybeapplied,asappropriate,tothevarietyofUNPmaterialsandhandlingsettings.Thesesettingsincluderesearchanddevelopmentactivities,materialmanufacturing,andmaterialuseandprocessing.TheGuidemayalsobeusedbyentitiesthatreceivematerialsorarticlescontainingorcomprisingnanoscaleparticlesfixeduponorwithinamatrix(i.e.,boundnanoscaleparticles),butwhoseownprocessesorusemayreasonablybeexpectedtocausesuchparticlestobecomeunbound.1.1ThisGuidedescribesactionsthatcouldbetakenbytheusertominimizehumanexposurestounbound,engineerednanoscaleparticles(UNP)inresearch,manufacturing,laboratoryandotheroccupationalsettingswhereUNPmayreasonablybeexpectedtobepresent.Itisintendedtoprovideguidanceforcontrollingsuchexposuresasacautionarymeasurewhereneitherrelevantexposurestandardsnordefinitivehazardandexposureinformationexist.1.2GeneralGuidance-ThisGuideisapplicabletooccupationalsettingswhereUNPmayreasonablybeexpectedtobepresent.Operationsacrossthosesettingswillvarywidelyintheparticularaspectsrelevanttonanoscaleparticleexposurecontrol.UNPrepresentavastvarietyofphysicalandchemicalcharacteristics(e.g.,morphology,mass,dimension,chemicalcomposition,settlingvelocities,surfacearea,surfacechemistry)andcircumstancesofuse.GiventherangeofphysicalandchemicalcharacteristicspresentedbythevariousUNP,thediversityofoccupationalsettingsandtheunevenempiricalknowledgeofandexperiencewithhandlingUNPmaterials,thepurposeofthisGuideistooffergeneralguidanceonexposureminimizationapproachesforUNPbaseduponaconsensusofviewpoints,butnottoestablishastandardpracticenortorecommendadefinitecourseofactiontofollowinallcases.1.2.1Accordingly,notallaspectsofthisGuidemayberelevantorapplicabletoallcircumstancesofUNPhandling.TheusershouldapplyreasonablejudgmentinapplyingthisGuideincludingconsiderationofthecharacteristicsoftheparticularUNPinvolved,theusersengineeringandotherexperiencewiththematerial,andtheparticularoccupationalsettingswheretheusermayapplythisGuide.UsersareencouragedtoobtaintheservicesofqualifiedprofessionalsinapplyingthisGuide.1.2.2ApplicableWhereRelevantExposureStandardsDoNotExist-ThisGuideassumesthattheuserisawareofandincompliancewithanyauthoritativeoccupationalexposurestandardapplicabletothebulkformoftheUNP.ThisGuidemaybeappropriatewheresuchexposurestandardsdonotexist,orwheresuchstandardsexist,butwerenotdevelopedwithconsiderationofthenanoscaleformofthematerial.1.3ApplicableWhereRobustRiskInformationDoesNotExist-ThisGuideassumestheabsenceofscientificallysoundriskassessmentinformationrelevanttotheparticularUNPinvolved.Wheresoundriskassessmentinformationexists,orcomestoexist,anyexposurecontrolmeasuresshouldbedesignedbasedonthatinformation,andnotpremisedonthisGuide.SuchmeasuresmaybemoreorlessstringentthanthosesuggestedbythisGuide.1.4MaterialswithinScope-ThisGuidepertainstounboundengineerednanoscaleparticlesortheirrespirableagglomeratesoraggregatesthereof.Relevantnanoscaleparticletypesinclude,forexample,intentionallyproducedfullerenes,nanotubes,nanowires,nanoropes,nanoribbons,quantumdots,nanoscalemetaloxides,andotherengineerednanoscaleparticles.Respirableparticlesarethosehavinganaerodynamicequivalentdiameter(AED)lessthanorequalto10m(10000nm)orthoseparticlessmallenoughtobecollectedwitharespirablesampler(12,34,36).......
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:71_100_01
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Acoustics-Determinationofsoundpowerlevelsofnoisesourcesusingsoundpressure-Precisionmethodsforanechoicandhemi-anechoicrooms
【原文标准名称】:声学.用声压法测定噪声源声功率级.消声室和半消声室精密法
【标准号】:ISO3745-2003
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2003-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC43
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:噪声(环境的);测量;噪声源;反射;声功率;封闭式试验室;声学;混响室;声能;声源;声级;声压;数学计算;包络面法;声强;声学测量;定义;声压级;测量技术;实验室试验;噪声测量
【英文主题词】:Acousticmeasurement;Acoustics;Closedtestrooms;Definitions;Envelopingsurfacemethods;Laboratorytesting;Laboratorytests;Mathematicalcalculations;Measurement;Measuringtechniques;Noise(environmental);Noisemeasurements;Noisesources;Reflection;Reverberationrooms;Soundenergy;Soundintensity;Soundlevel;Soundlevels;Soundpower;Soundpressure;Soundpressurelevel;Soundsources
【摘要】:本标准规定了在消声室和半消声室中测量包围噪声源的测量表面上的声压级,从而确定噪声源的声功率级或声能量级的测量方法。它给出了对测试环境和仪器的要求,同时给出了由测得的表面声压级计算其声功率级或声能量级的方法,保证所得到的结果具有1级准确度。本标准规定的方法适用于所有类型噪声源的测量。噪声源可以是设备、机器、组件或附件。可测量声源的最大尺寸取决于测量包络面假想球(或半球)的半径。
【中国标准分类号】:Z32
【国际标准分类号】:17_140_01
【页数】:43P;A4
【正文语种】:英语